When do merlins arrive in Pennsylvania?
The Merlin is a winter visitor in Pennsylvania — here is when to expect it, when it leaves, and how to be ready.
Merlin timing in Pennsylvania
- Arrives
- Around October
- Leaves
- By March
- Status here
- Winter visitor
- Present roughly
- October–March
In Pennsylvania, merlins are a cold-season bird, arriving around October and heading back north to breed by March.
These windows are set by latitude: Pennsylvania sits in the middle part of this species' range, so timing here tracks the continental average closely. In any given year, weather can move the first arrivals by a week or two either way.
Month by month in this state
Highlighted months are when merlins are expected in Pennsylvania. The edges of the window are the interesting weeks — first arrivals and last departures vary most from year to year.
Getting ready before they arrive
The week before October is the time to act. Have feeders cleaned, filled and out by early October — the first merlins into Pennsylvania are scouting for reliable food, and a station that's ready early gets added to their route.
Through the winter, consistent food matters more than variety — birds map dependable stations into their daily routes and rely on them hardest during cold snaps.
What merlins eat while they're here
- Small birds at feeders and on shorelines
Increasingly a city nester, using old crow nests in conifers; hunts feeder flocks at speed.
Native plants that hold merlins in Pennsylvania
Food keeps a migrant for a day; habitat keeps it for the season. These Pennsylvania-native plants are known to attract merlins:
Summer fruit and a major caterpillar host.
Acorns and insects.
Fall seed.
Fat-rich red fall fruit taken by thrushes, bluebirds and woodpeckers.
Early-summer berries arrive exactly when nestlings are being fed.
Drought-hardy prairie oak with large acorns and a heavy insect load.
Late-summer berry clusters taken by over 40 bird species.
Blue-black fall fruit and dense nesting cover.
Keep exploring
Frequently asked
When do merlins arrive in Pennsylvania?
merlins typically arrive in Pennsylvania around October. Timing can shift a week or two with the weather in any given year.
When do merlins leave Pennsylvania?
Most merlins have left Pennsylvania by March. They spend the breeding season farther north and return in the fall.
Do merlins stay in Pennsylvania all year?
No — in Pennsylvania the Merlin is a winter visitor, present roughly October–March. Outside that window it is rarely seen in the state.
What should I put out before merlins arrive in Pennsylvania?
Have feeders up and clean by early October — first arrivals scout reliable food sources. Good offerings for this species: sparrows, waxwings and dragonflies.
Sources
- Merlin — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Merlin life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Merlin — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
- eBird region overview and bar charts — Pennsylvania
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023)
- Audubon Native Plants Database
Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.