California · Year-round resident

California Towhees in California

When California towhees are present in California, when they nest, which native California plants feed them, and how to host them in a USDA 5a–11a yard.

New World sparrows (Passerellidae)California TowheeMelozone crissalis
Status in California
Year-round resident
Nesting window
February–July
Broods
2–3 per season
Hardiness zones
USDA 5a–11a

When to expect California towhees in California

California Towhees live in California all year. Wet, mild winters are the green season — the busiest time at coastal feeders as sparrows and hummingbirds settle in. That makes the cold months the time your yard matters most to them: their winter diet shifts toward seeds.

Mediterranean along the coast and Central Valley, alpine in the Sierra Nevada, and desert in the southeast.

Nesting in California

Across California, California towhees typically nest from February–July. Nest site: cup in dense shrubs. Females lay 2–6 eggs, incubate for 11 days, and young leave the nest after 8 days.

Dry summers with little rain from May to October; water and summer-blooming natives matter more than extra seed.

  • California Towhees don't use nest boxes. Keep dense native shrubs and trees such as rabbitbrush, palo verde, prickly pear for nest sites.
  • Delay heavy pruning of shrubs until after July.

Native California plants that attract California towhees

Of the regional native plants we track for California, these 8 provide food or cover California towhees use:

Wild bergamot
Monarda fistulosa · Perennial

Tubular flowers for hummingbirds and seed heads for finches.

Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta · Perennial

Prolific seed heads for finches and sparrows.

Common sunflower
Helianthus annuus · Perennial

Annual native sunflower — the original feeder seed.

Little bluestem
Schizachyrium scoparium · Perennial

Native bunchgrass; winter seed and ground cover for sparrows and juncos.

Tall goldenrod
Solidago altissima · Perennial

Insect-rich in fall and seed in winter.

Rabbitbrush
Ericameria nauseosa · Shrub

Late-season bloom supports insects; seed for sparrows.

Palo verde
Parkinsonia florida · Tree

Seed pods and insect-rich spring bloom.

Prickly pear
Opuntia engelmannii · Shrub

Fruit and seed plus nest sites for Cactus Wrens.

Feeding California towhees through the California year

Pairs stay together for years in one yard; famously attacks its reflection in windows and hubcaps.

  • Best foods: Millet, Sunflower chips.
  • In California's winter: Wet, mild winters are the green season — the busiest time at coastal feeders as sparrows and hummingbirds settle in.

Full diet breakdown for California towhees · Best feeder for California towhees

Frequently asked

Are California towhees in California year-round?

Yes. California Towhees are year-round residents in California.

When do California towhees nest in California?

Nesting in California typically runs February–July, with 2–3 per season. Clutches are 2–6 eggs, incubated for 11 days.

What native plants attract California towhees in California?

Wild bergamot, Black-eyed Susan, Common sunflower, Little bluestem, Tall goldenrod, Rabbitbrush, Palo verde, Prickly pear are native plants in California that provide food or cover for California towhees.

California Towhees in other regions

Other backyard birds in California

Sources

  1. California Towhee — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  2. California Towhee life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. California Towhee — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
  4. eBird region overview and bar charts — California
  5. USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023)
  6. Audubon Native Plants Database

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.