Nest box specification

Violet-green Swallow house dimensions

The Violet-green Swallow nests in cavity or nest box A box built to its measurements — and no bigger — is what makes it choose yours.

Swallows (Hirundinidae)Violet-green SwallowTachycineta thalassina

The specifications

Entrance hole
1 1/2 in
Floor (inside)
5 × 5 in
Mounting height
8–15 ft
Bird size
4.7 in, 0.5 oz
Clutch
4–6 eggs
Incubation
13–18 days
Time in nest
16–24 days
Broods
1 per season

Build and mounting checklist

  • Drill the entrance to exactly 1 1/2 in — oversized holes let in European Starlings and larger predators.
  • No outside perch: cavity nesters don't need one, and it helps House Sparrows and predators.
  • Unpainted interior, 3/4-inch untreated wood (cedar or pine) or poly-lumber for insulation.
  • Drainage holes in the floor corners and ventilation gaps under the roof.
  • A side or front panel that opens so you can monitor and clean the box.
  • Rough or grooved inner front wall so nestlings can climb out.
  • Pole mount with a stovepipe or cone baffle to stop snakes, raccoons and cats.

When to put up a Violet-green Swallow box, by state

Boxes should be up and clean a month before local nesting starts. Dates shift with latitude:

PlaceUp byNestingClean out
ArizonaMarchApril–JulyAugust
CaliforniaMarchApril–JulyAugust
ColoradoAprilMay–JulyAugust
IdahoAprilMay–JulyAugust
NevadaAprilMay–JulyAugust
New MexicoAprilMay–JulyAugust
OregonAprilMay–JulyAugust
South DakotaAprilMay–JulyAugust
UtahAprilMay–JulyAugust
WashingtonAprilMay–JulyAugust
AlaskaMayJune–JulyAugust
AlbertaMayJune–JulyAugust
British ColumbiaMayJune–JulyAugust
MontanaMayJune–JulyAugust
WyomingMayJune–JulyAugust
YukonMayJune–JulyAugust

Full Violet-green Swallow species guide →

Frequently asked

What size hole does a Violet-green Swallow need?

1 1/2 in. A hole cut to this size admits the Violet-green Swallow (4.7 in) while keeping out larger competitors.

How big should a Violet-green Swallow house be inside?

A floor of 5 × 5 in. The Violet-green Swallow lays 4–6 eggs, so the floor has to hold the full clutch plus growing nestlings.

How high should I mount a Violet-green Swallow box?

8–15 ft. Mount on a pole with a predator baffle where possible rather than a tree or fence.

How long does a Violet-green Swallow use the box?

Incubation takes 13–18 days and the young stay in the nest 16–24 days. Broods per year: 1 per season.

Sources

  1. Violet-green Swallow — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  2. Violet-green Swallow life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Violet-green Swallow — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
  4. NestWatch nest box plans and species requirements — Cornell Lab

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.