Nest box specification

Western Bluebird house dimensions

The Western Bluebird nests in cavity or nest box A box built to its measurements — and no bigger — is what makes it choose yours.

Thrushes (Turdidae)Western BluebirdSialia mexicana

The specifications

Entrance hole
1 1/2 in
Floor (inside)
5 × 5 in
Mounting height
5–10 ft
Bird size
6.3–7.5 in, 0.9–1.1 oz
Clutch
2–8 eggs
Incubation
12–17 days
Time in nest
19–25 days
Broods
1–2 per season

Build and mounting checklist

  • Drill the entrance to exactly 1 1/2 in — oversized holes let in European Starlings and larger predators.
  • No outside perch: cavity nesters don't need one, and it helps House Sparrows and predators.
  • Unpainted interior, 3/4-inch untreated wood (cedar or pine) or poly-lumber for insulation.
  • Drainage holes in the floor corners and ventilation gaps under the roof.
  • A side or front panel that opens so you can monitor and clean the box.
  • Rough or grooved inner front wall so nestlings can climb out.
  • Pole mount with a stovepipe or cone baffle to stop snakes, raccoons and cats.

When to put up a Western Bluebird box, by state

Boxes should be up and clean a month before local nesting starts. Dates shift with latitude:

PlaceUp byNestingClean out
ArizonaFebruaryMarch–JulyAugust
CaliforniaFebruaryMarch–JulyAugust
ColoradoMarchApril–JulyAugust
IdahoMarchApril–JulyAugust
NevadaMarchApril–JulyAugust
New MexicoMarchApril–JulyAugust
OregonMarchApril–JulyAugust
UtahMarchApril–JulyAugust
WashingtonMarchApril–JulyAugust
British ColumbiaAprilMay–JulyAugust
MontanaAprilMay–JulyAugust

Full Western Bluebird species guide →

Frequently asked

What size hole does a Western Bluebird need?

1 1/2 in. A hole cut to this size admits the Western Bluebird (6.3–7.5 in) while keeping out larger competitors.

How big should a Western Bluebird house be inside?

A floor of 5 × 5 in. The Western Bluebird lays 2–8 eggs, so the floor has to hold the full clutch plus growing nestlings.

How high should I mount a Western Bluebird box?

5–10 ft. Mount on a pole with a predator baffle where possible rather than a tree or fence.

How long does a Western Bluebird use the box?

Incubation takes 12–17 days and the young stay in the nest 19–25 days. Broods per year: 1–2 per season.

Sources

  1. Western Bluebird — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  2. Western Bluebird life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Western Bluebird — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
  4. NestWatch nest box plans and species requirements — Cornell Lab

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.