Fireweed for birds in Massachusetts
Tall magenta spikes are a key northern hummingbird flower. Native to Massachusetts, where it feeds or shelters 42 backyard bird species.
- Scientific name
- Chamaenerion angustifolium
- Native status
- Native in Massachusetts
- Hardiness zones
- USDA 5a–7b
- What birds get from it
- nectar, seed
- Massachusetts birds supported
- 42
- Nesting birds among them
- 33
Growing conditions in Massachusetts
Humid continental with maritime influence on Cape Cod and the islands.
Warm summers; nesting peaks late May to July.
Massachusetts birds that use Fireweed
Year-round residents (20)
Northern Cardinal, Black-capped Chickadee, American Goldfinch, House Finch, Purple Finch, Mourning Dove, White-throated Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Eastern Towhee, House Sparrow, American Crow, Wood Duck, Wild Turkey, Mallard, Eastern Meadowlark, Brown-headed Cowbird, Field Sparrow, Canada Goose, Horned Lark, Rock Pigeon
Summer breeders (13)
Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Chipping Sparrow, Common Grackle, Red-winged Blackbird, Baltimore Oriole, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Indigo Bunting, Lark Sparrow, American Coot, Savannah Sparrow, Swamp Sparrow, Vesper Sparrow, Bobolink
Winter visitors (9)
Dark-eyed Junco, Evening Grosbeak, Pine Siskin, Common Redpoll, American Tree Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Snow Bunting, Common Redpoll, Hoary Redpoll
Snowy winters with nor'easters; Cape Cod is milder and holds more half-hardy birds.
Nesting season it supports in Massachusetts
Plants that feed adults and host caterpillars matter most while nestlings are in the nest. Local nesting windows for birds that use Fireweed:
- Northern Cardinal — April–August
- Black-capped Chickadee — April–July
- American Goldfinch — July–September
- House Finch — April–August
- Purple Finch — May–July
- Ruby-throated Hummingbird — May–August
- Mourning Dove — March–September
- White-throated Sparrow — May–July
- Song Sparrow — April–August
- Chipping Sparrow — April–July
Native plants to pair with Fireweed in Massachusetts
Tubular flowers for hummingbirds and seed heads for finches.
Late nectar for insects and fall seed for sparrows.
Hosts hundreds of caterpillar species; spring flowers draw early insects.
Frequently asked
Is Fireweed native to Massachusetts?
Yes. Fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium) is recorded as native in Massachusetts. Massachusetts spans USDA 5a–7b.
What birds does Fireweed attract in Massachusetts?
In Massachusetts, Fireweed supports 42 backyard birds, including Northern Cardinal, Black-capped Chickadee, American Goldfinch, House Finch, Purple Finch, Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Does Fireweed help nesting birds in Massachusetts?
33 of those birds nest in Massachusetts: Northern Cardinal (April–August), Black-capped Chickadee (April–July), American Goldfinch (July–September), House Finch (April–August).
Which winter birds use Fireweed in Massachusetts?
Winter visitors Dark-eyed Junco, Evening Grosbeak, Pine Siskin, Common Redpoll, American Tree Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Snow Bunting, Common Redpoll, Hoary Redpoll use it in Massachusetts during the cold months.
Sources
- USDA PLANTS Database (native distribution)
- VASCAN (Canadian native distribution)
- eBird region overview and bar charts — Massachusetts
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023)
- Audubon Native Plants Database
Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.