How long do tree swallows live?
The oldest Tree Swallow on record lived to 12.1 years, a record from a wild bird. That is a ceiling, not an average: most wild tree swallows live only a few years.
- Longest recorded lifespan
- 12.1 years
- Record from
- Wild bird
- Age at first breeding
- About 1 year
- Eggs per clutch
- 4–7 eggs
- Broods per year
- 1 per season
- Size
- 4.7–5.9 in, 0.6–0.9 oz
- Rank in family (of species on this site)
- 3 of 7
Record age versus typical age
Longevity records come from birds that were marked and later found again, usually through bird banding, or from birds kept in zoos. They show what a Tree Swallow can survive to, not what most do.
For small birds, the first year is the hardest. Many eggs and nestlings are lost to predators and weather, and young birds that leave the nest still have to learn to find food and avoid hawks and cats. A bird that survives its first winter has a much better chance of living several more years. That is why average lifespans in the wild are short even when the record is long.
Tree swallows usually start breeding at about 1 year old. Each season a pair lays 4–7 eggs and raises 1 per season, with eggs taking 11–20 days to hatch.
How tree swallows compare with relatives
Oldest recorded ages for other swallows on this site.
- Barn Swallow16 years
- Purple Martin13.8 years
- Cliff Swallow11.8 years
- Bank Swallow10.1 years
- Violet-green Swallow9.1 years
- Northern Rough-winged Swallow5.9 years
More about tree swallows
Frequently asked
How long do tree swallows live?
The longest-lived Tree Swallow on record reached 12.1 years, recorded from a wild bird. Most wild tree swallows live far shorter lives, because the majority of young birds don't survive their first year.
How old is a Tree Swallow when it first breeds?
Usually about 1 year old.
What is the oldest Tree Swallow ever recorded?
12.1 years, according to the AnAge longevity database.
How many young can a Tree Swallow raise in a year?
Pairs lay 4–7 eggs and raise 1 per season.
Source: AnAge, The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database (Human Ageing Genomic Resources), record quality "acceptable", sample size "medium". genomics.senescence.info