Nest box specification

White-headed Woodpecker house dimensions

The White-headed Woodpecker nests in cavity in a pine snag or stump A box built to its measurements — and no bigger — is what makes it choose yours.

Woodpeckers (Picidae)White-headed WoodpeckerDryobates albolarvatus

The specifications

Entrance hole
1 1/2 in
Floor (inside)
6 × 6 in
Mounting height
10–20 ft
Bird size
7.3–9.1 in, 1.9–2.3 oz
Clutch
3–7 eggs
Incubation
14 days
Time in nest
26 days
Broods
1 per season

Build and mounting checklist

  • Drill the entrance to exactly 1 1/2 in — oversized holes let in European Starlings and larger predators.
  • No outside perch: cavity nesters don't need one, and it helps House Sparrows and predators.
  • Unpainted interior, 3/4-inch untreated wood (cedar or pine) or poly-lumber for insulation.
  • Drainage holes in the floor corners and ventilation gaps under the roof.
  • A side or front panel that opens so you can monitor and clean the box.
  • Rough or grooved inner front wall so nestlings can climb out.
  • Pole mount with a stovepipe or cone baffle to stop snakes, raccoons and cats.

When to put up a White-headed Woodpecker box, by state

Boxes should be up and clean a month before local nesting starts. Dates shift with latitude:

PlaceUp byNestingClean out
CaliforniaFebruaryMarch–JulyAugust
IdahoMarchApril–JulyAugust
NevadaMarchApril–JulyAugust
OregonMarchApril–JulyAugust
WashingtonMarchApril–JulyAugust
British ColumbiaAprilMay–JulyAugust

Full White-headed Woodpecker species guide →

Frequently asked

What size hole does a White-headed Woodpecker need?

1 1/2 in. A hole cut to this size admits the White-headed Woodpecker (7.3–9.1 in) while keeping out larger competitors.

How big should a White-headed Woodpecker house be inside?

A floor of 6 × 6 in. The White-headed Woodpecker lays 3–7 eggs, so the floor has to hold the full clutch plus growing nestlings.

How high should I mount a White-headed Woodpecker box?

10–20 ft. Mount on a pole with a predator baffle where possible rather than a tree or fence.

How long does a White-headed Woodpecker use the box?

Incubation takes 14 days and the young stay in the nest 26 days. Broods per year: 1 per season.

Sources

  1. White-headed Woodpecker — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  2. White-headed Woodpecker life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. White-headed Woodpecker — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
  4. NestWatch nest box plans and species requirements — Cornell Lab

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.