Black-capped Chickadees in Pennsylvania

Black-capped Chickadees live in Pennsylvania all year — north and central; replaced by Carolina Chickadee in the southeast. Snow cover makes suet and heated water valuable; both chickadee species meet in a narrow hybrid zone across the south of the state. That makes the cold months the time your yard matters most to them: their winter diet shifts toward cached seeds and insect eggs; suet and sunflower at feeders; poison-ivy and bayberry fruit.

Humid continental; cold, snowy winters in the north and mountains, milder in the southeast.

Across Pennsylvania, black-capped chickadees typically nest from April–July. Nest site: excavates or reuses cavities in soft, rotting wood; readily uses nest boxes. Females lay 1–13 eggs (usually 6–8), incubate for 11–14 days, and young leave the nest after 12–16 days.

Warm summers; bluebirds typically raise two broods.

• Have boxes cleaned and mounted before March — black-capped chickadees begin prospecting ahead of egg-laying.
• Use a 1 1/8 in round entrance on a 4 × 4 in floor, mounted 5–15 ft.
• Fit a pole baffle or hole guard; ventilation gaps and drainage holes are essential.
• Clean out old nests after each brood and again after July.

Of the regional native plants we track for Pennsylvania, these 8 provide food or cover black-capped chickadees use:

Chickadees grab one seed, leave to hammer it open or hide it, then return. They are among the first to find a new feeder.

• Best foods: Black-oil sunflower, Suet, Shelled peanuts, Hulled sunflower.
• In Pennsylvania's winter: Snow cover makes suet and heated water valuable; both chickadee species meet in a narrow hybrid zone across the south of the state.

Full diet breakdown for black-capped chickadees · Best feeder for black-capped chickadees