Owls in Alberta
Alberta has 4 owl species in our range data, 3 of them resident all year. Here is when each one is around, when it nests, what it sounds like at night and which ones will use a nest box.
- Owl species
- 4
- Resident all year
- Great Horned Owl, Western Screech-Owl, Northern Saw-whet Owl
- Summer only
- Burrowing Owl
- First to nest
- Great Horned Owl, February
- Use nest boxes
- Western Screech-Owl, Northern Saw-whet Owl
The owls of Alberta, one by one
Great Horned Owl
Bubo virginianus · 18.1–24.8 in
Year-round resident, nests February–April.
Look for: large owl with prominent ear tufts ('horns'); white throat patch and heavy barring below; yellow eyes.
Call: Deep, booming 'hoo-hoo hoooo hoo-hoo' duets in winter.
Eats: Powerful generalist — rabbits, skunks, other owls, ducks and rodents.
Western Screech-Owl
Megascops kennicottii · 7.5–9.8 in
Year-round resident, nests April–June.
Look for: small grey or brown owl with ear tufts; yellow eyes and dark bill; fine streaks and bars below.
Call: An accelerating series of soft hoots — a 'bouncing ball' song.
Eats: Insects, mice and small birds taken at night.
Northern Saw-whet Owl
Aegolius acadicus · 7.1–8.3 in
Year-round resident, nests April–June.
Look for: tiny owl with a big round head and no ear tufts; white y between the yellow eyes; rusty streaks on a white breast.
Call: An endless, mechanical, evenly spaced 'too-too-too'.
Eats: Deer mice and other small rodents, hunted at night.
Burrowing Owl
Athene cunicularia · 7.5–9.8 in
Summer breeder, nests April–July.
Look for: long-legged small owl that stands on the ground; bright yellow eyes and white eyebrows; spotted brown above, barred below.
Call: A soft, cooing 'coo-coooo'; young rattle like a rattlesnake.
Eats: Large insects and small rodents, hunted day and night.
Owl nesting calendar for Alberta
Owls nest earlier than most backyard birds, which is why winter is the best time to hear them calling. In Alberta the order runs:
- Great Horned Owl: February–April, clutch of 1–4 eggs, incubation 28–37 days.
- Western Screech-Owl: April–June, clutch of 1–7 eggs, incubation 21–30 days.
- Northern Saw-whet Owl: April–June, clutch of 4–7 eggs, incubation 27–29 days.
- Burrowing Owl: April–July, clutch of 4–12 eggs, incubation 28 days.
Owl boxes in Alberta
2 owls here take to nest boxes. Sizes matter more than style:
- Western Screech-Owl: 3 in entrance, 8 × 8 in floor, mounted 10–30 ft. Mount by March.
- Northern Saw-whet Owl: 2 1/2 in entrance, 6 × 6 in floor, mounted 10–20 ft. Mount by March.
Add 2 to 3 inches of wood shavings, since owls bring no nest material. Skip rodent poison anywhere near the box: owls eat the poisoned rodents.
Hearing owls without disturbing them
- Listen on still, dry nights in the weeks before nesting starts; that is when pairs call most.
- Avoid playing recorded calls, which pulls owls off territory and away from eggs.
- Keep outdoor lights off near tree lines; owls hunt by sound and low light.
Owl eggs
Frequently asked
What owls live in Alberta?
We have range data placing 4 owl species in Alberta: Great Horned Owl, Western Screech-Owl, Northern Saw-whet Owl, Burrowing Owl.
Which owls stay in Alberta all year?
Great Horned Owl, Western Screech-Owl, Northern Saw-whet Owl are resident in Alberta year-round.
When do owls nest in Alberta?
The earliest nester is the Great Horned Owl, starting around February. Great Horned Owl: February–April; Western Screech-Owl: April–June; Northern Saw-whet Owl: April–June; Burrowing Owl: April–July.
Can I put up an owl box in Alberta?
Western Screech-Owl: 3 in entrance, 8 × 8 in floor, mounted 10–30 ft. Northern Saw-whet Owl: 2 1/2 in entrance, 6 × 6 in floor, mounted 10–20 ft. Have it up a month before nesting starts.
How do I tell owl calls apart in Alberta?
Great Horned Owl: Deep, booming 'hoo-hoo hoooo hoo-hoo' duets in winter. Western Screech-Owl: An accelerating series of soft hoots — a 'bouncing ball' song. Northern Saw-whet Owl: An endless, mechanical, evenly spaced 'too-too-too'. Burrowing Owl: A soft, cooing 'coo-coooo'; young rattle like a rattlesnake.
Sources
- Great Horned Owl — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Great Horned Owl life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Great Horned Owl — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
- Western Screech-Owl — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Western Screech-Owl life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Western Screech-Owl — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.