Minnesota · Summer breeder

Prothonotary Warblers in Minnesota

When prothonotary warblers are present in Minnesota, when they nest, which native Minnesota plants feed them, and how to host them in a USDA 3a–5b yard.

Wood-warblers (Parulidae)Prothonotary WarblerProtonotaria citrea

Status in Minnesota: Summer breeder
Nesting window: May–June
Broods: 1–2 per season
Hardiness zones: USDA 3a–5b
Nest box: 1 1/8 in hole, 4 × 4 in floor, 3–6 ft over water

When to expect prothonotary warblers in Minnesota

Prothonotary Warblers are summer residents in Minnesota, arriving shortly before nesting begins in May and leaving after the young are independent.

Continental, with very cold winters and warm summers; prairie in the west, boreal forest in the northeast.

Nesting in Minnesota

Across Minnesota, prothonotary warblers typically nest from May–June. Plan around that window: April for setup, June for clean-out.

A short, intense breeding season; most nesting runs May through July.

Have boxes cleaned and mounted before April — prothonotary warblers begin prospecting ahead of egg-laying.
Use a 1 1/8 in entrance on a 4 × 4 in floor, mounted 3–6 ft over water.
Fit a pole baffle or hole guard; ventilation gaps and drainage holes are essential.
Clean out old nests after each brood and again after June.

Native Minnesota plants that attract prothonotary warblers

Of the regional native plants we track for Minnesota, these 8 provide food or cover prothonotary warblers use:

Bur oak

Quercus macrocarpa · Tree

Acorns and bark insects.

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea · Tree

Early-summer berries arrive exactly when nestlings are being fed.

White oak

Quercus alba · Tree

Acorns plus hundreds of caterpillar species for nestling food.

Black cherry

Prunus serotina · Tree

Summer fruit and one of the top caterpillar host trees.

American elderberry

Sambucus canadensis · Shrub

Late-summer berry clusters taken by over 40 bird species.

Spicebush

Lindera benzoin · Shrub

Lipid-rich red fruit fuels fall migrants.

New England aster

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae · Perennial

Late nectar for insects and fall seed for sparrows.

Tall goldenrod

Solidago altissima · Perennial

Insect-rich in fall and seed in winter.

Feeding prothonotary warblers through the Minnesota year

Top foods: None — a swamp nest box is the draw.
In Minnesota's summer: offer water and insect foods; natural food is abundant.

Full diet breakdown for prothonotary warblers · Best feeder for prothonotary warblers

Frequently asked

Are prothonotary warblers in Minnesota year-round?

No. Prothonotary Warblers are summer breeders in Minnesota and leave for the winter.

When do prothonotary warblers nest in Minnesota?

Nesting in Minnesota typically runs May–June, with 1–2 per season. Clutches are 3–7 eggs, incubated for 12–14 days.

What native plants attract prothonotary warblers in Minnesota?

Bur oak, Serviceberry, White oak, Black cherry, American elderberry, Spicebush, New England aster, Tall goldenrod are native plants in Minnesota that provide food or cover for prothonotary warblers.

What size birdhouse hole do prothonotary warblers need?

1 1/8 in, with a floor of 4 × 4 in mounted 3–6 ft over water.

Prothonotary Warblers in other regions

Other backyard birds in Minnesota

Northern Cardinal Eastern Bluebird Black-capped Chickadee Purple Martin Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker American Goldfinch Tufted Titmouse White-breasted Nuthatch House Wren Blue Jay House Finch Purple Finch Ruby-throated Hummingbird Mourning Dove American Robin Dark-eyed Junco White-throated Sparrow Song Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Red-bellied Woodpecker Northern Flicker Pileated Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-breasted Nuthatch Brown Creeper Common Grackle Red-winged Blackbird Baltimore Oriole Rose-breasted Grosbeak Evening Grosbeak Pine Siskin Common Redpoll Indigo Bunting Eastern Towhee Gray Catbird Brown Thrasher Cedar Waxwing Tree Swallow Barn Swallow Eastern Phoebe Chimney Swift Yellow-rumped Warbler Pine Warbler Eastern Screech-Owl Great Crested Flycatcher Eastern Kingbird American Tree Sparrow House Sparrow European Starling Canada Jay Eurasian Collared-Dove American Crow Common Raven Cooper's Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Barred Owl Great Horned Owl American Kestrel Wood Duck Wild Turkey Northern Bobwhite Mallard Great Blue Heron Belted Kingfisher Scarlet Tanager Eastern Meadowlark Brown-headed Cowbird Golden-crowned Kinglet Hermit Thrush Winter Wren Pine Grosbeak Red Crossbill Field Sparrow Gray Catbird Lark Sparrow Hooded Merganser Yellow Warbler Common Yellowthroat American Redstart Black-and-white Warbler Ovenbird Yellow-breasted Chat Palm Warbler Red-eyed Vireo Warbling Vireo Eastern Wood-Pewee Least Flycatcher Cliff Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow Common Nighthawk Eastern Whip-poor-will Canada Goose American Coot Killdeer Spotted Sandpiper American Woodcock Green Heron Great Egret Black-crowned Night Heron Turkey Vulture Osprey Bald Eagle Red-shouldered Hawk Merlin Peregrine Falcon Northern Saw-whet Owl Black-backed Woodpecker Savannah Sparrow Swamp Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Snow Bunting Lapland Longspur Horned Lark Dickcissel Common Redpoll Hoary Redpoll White-winged Crossbill Bohemian Waxwing Yellow-billed Cuckoo Bobolink Yellow-headed Blackbird Brewer's Blackbird Rock Pigeon

Sources

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.