North Carolina · Summer breeder

Prothonotary Warblers in North Carolina

When prothonotary warblers are present in North Carolina, when they nest, which native North Carolina plants feed them, and how to host them in a USDA 5b–8b yard.

Wood-warblers (Parulidae)Prothonotary WarblerProtonotaria citrea

Status in North Carolina: Summer breeder
Nesting window: April–June
Broods: 1–2 per season
Hardiness zones: USDA 5b–8b
Nest box: 1 1/8 in hole, 4 × 4 in floor, 3–6 ft over water

When to expect prothonotary warblers in North Carolina

Prothonotary Warblers are summer residents in North Carolina, arriving shortly before nesting begins in April and leaving after the young are independent.

Mountains, Piedmont and coastal plain differ sharply — cool, snowy highlands to mild, humid coast.

Nesting in North Carolina

Across North Carolina, prothonotary warblers typically nest from April–June. Plan around that window: March for setup, June for clean-out.

Warm and humid in the Piedmont and coast; cooler at elevation.

Have boxes cleaned and mounted before March — prothonotary warblers begin prospecting ahead of egg-laying.
Use a 1 1/8 in entrance on a 4 × 4 in floor, mounted 3–6 ft over water.
Fit a pole baffle or hole guard; ventilation gaps and drainage holes are essential.
Clean out old nests after each brood and again after June.

Native North Carolina plants that attract prothonotary warblers

Of the regional native plants we track for North Carolina, these 8 provide food or cover prothonotary warblers use:

Flowering dogwood

Cornus florida · Tree

The state flower and a top fall fruit source.

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea · Tree

June fruit.

White oak

Quercus alba · Tree

Acorns plus hundreds of caterpillar species for nestling food.

Black cherry

Prunus serotina · Tree

Summer fruit and one of the top caterpillar host trees.

American elderberry

Sambucus canadensis · Shrub

Late-summer berry clusters taken by over 40 bird species.

Arrowwood viburnum

Viburnum dentatum · Shrub

Blue-black fall fruit and dense nesting cover.

Spicebush

Lindera benzoin · Shrub

Lipid-rich red fruit fuels fall migrants.

New England aster

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae · Perennial

Late nectar for insects and fall seed for sparrows.

Feeding prothonotary warblers through the North Carolina year

Top foods: None — a swamp nest box is the draw.
In North Carolina's summer: offer water and insect foods; natural food is abundant.

Full diet breakdown for prothonotary warblers · Best feeder for prothonotary warblers

Frequently asked

Are prothonotary warblers in North Carolina year-round?

No. Prothonotary Warblers are summer breeders in North Carolina and leave for the winter.

When do prothonotary warblers nest in North Carolina?

Nesting in North Carolina typically runs April–June, with 1–2 per season. Clutches are 3–7 eggs, incubated for 12–14 days.

What native plants attract prothonotary warblers in North Carolina?

Flowering dogwood, Serviceberry, White oak, Black cherry, American elderberry, Arrowwood viburnum, Spicebush, New England aster are native plants in North Carolina that provide food or cover for prothonotary warblers.

What size birdhouse hole do prothonotary warblers need?

1 1/8 in, with a floor of 4 × 4 in mounted 3–6 ft over water.

Prothonotary Warblers in other regions

Other backyard birds in North Carolina

Northern Cardinal Eastern Bluebird Black-capped Chickadee Carolina Chickadee Purple Martin Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker American Goldfinch Tufted Titmouse White-breasted Nuthatch House Wren Blue Jay House Finch Purple Finch Ruby-throated Hummingbird Carolina Wren Mourning Dove American Robin Dark-eyed Junco White-throated Sparrow Song Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Red-bellied Woodpecker Northern Flicker Pileated Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-breasted Nuthatch Brown-headed Nuthatch Brown Creeper Common Grackle Red-winged Blackbird Baltimore Oriole Orchard Oriole Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pine Siskin Indigo Bunting Painted Bunting Eastern Towhee Gray Catbird Northern Mockingbird Brown Thrasher Cedar Waxwing Tree Swallow Barn Swallow Eastern Phoebe Chimney Swift Yellow-rumped Warbler Pine Warbler Eastern Screech-Owl Wood Thrush Great Crested Flycatcher Eastern Kingbird House Sparrow European Starling White-crowned Sparrow Fox Sparrow Eurasian Collared-Dove American Crow Common Raven Cooper's Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Barred Owl Great Horned Owl American Kestrel Wood Duck Wild Turkey Northern Bobwhite Mallard Great Blue Heron Belted Kingfisher Scarlet Tanager Eastern Meadowlark Brown-headed Cowbird Ruby-crowned Kinglet Golden-crowned Kinglet Hermit Thrush Winter Wren Red Crossbill Field Sparrow Gray Catbird Lark Sparrow Hooded Merganser Yellow Warbler Common Yellowthroat American Redstart Black-and-white Warbler Yellow-throated Warbler Ovenbird Yellow-breasted Chat Orange-crowned Warbler Palm Warbler Red-eyed Vireo Warbling Vireo White-eyed Vireo Eastern Wood-Pewee Cliff Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow Common Nighthawk Eastern Whip-poor-will Canada Goose American Coot Killdeer Spotted Sandpiper American Woodcock Green Heron Great Egret Black-crowned Night Heron Turkey Vulture Black Vulture Osprey Bald Eagle Red-shouldered Hawk Merlin Peregrine Falcon Northern Saw-whet Owl Barn Owl Red-cockaded Woodpecker Savannah Sparrow Swamp Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Horned Lark Blue Grosbeak White-winged Crossbill Brown-headed Nuthatch Yellow-billed Cuckoo Brewer's Blackbird Rusty Blackbird Boat-tailed Grackle Rock Pigeon

Sources

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.