Illinois · Summer breeder

Prothonotary Warblers in Illinois

When prothonotary warblers are present in Illinois, when they nest, which native Illinois plants feed them, and how to host them in a USDA 5a–7b yard.

Wood-warblers (Parulidae)Prothonotary WarblerProtonotaria citrea

Status in Illinois: Summer breeder
Nesting window: April–June
Broods: 1–2 per season
Hardiness zones: USDA 5a–7b
Nest box: 1 1/8 in hole, 4 × 4 in floor, 3–6 ft over water

When to expect prothonotary warblers in Illinois

Prothonotary Warblers are summer residents in Illinois, arriving shortly before nesting begins in April and leaving after the young are independent.

Humid continental, grading from the Lake Michigan shore and prairie north to the forested Shawnee Hills in the south.

Nesting in Illinois

Across Illinois, prothonotary warblers typically nest from April–June. Plan around that window: March for setup, June for clean-out.

Hot, humid summers; much of the state is farmland, so backyard native plantings matter.

Have boxes cleaned and mounted before March — prothonotary warblers begin prospecting ahead of egg-laying.
Use a 1 1/8 in entrance on a 4 × 4 in floor, mounted 3–6 ft over water.
Fit a pole baffle or hole guard; ventilation gaps and drainage holes are essential.
Clean out old nests after each brood and again after June.

Native Illinois plants that attract prothonotary warblers

Of the regional native plants we track for Illinois, these 8 provide food or cover prothonotary warblers use:

Flowering dogwood

Cornus florida · Tree

Fat-rich red fall fruit taken by thrushes, bluebirds and woodpeckers.

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea · Tree

Early-summer berries arrive exactly when nestlings are being fed.

White oak

Quercus alba · Tree

Acorns plus hundreds of caterpillar species for nestling food.

Bur oak

Quercus macrocarpa · Tree

Drought-hardy prairie oak with large acorns and a heavy insect load.

Black cherry

Prunus serotina · Tree

Summer fruit and one of the top caterpillar host trees.

American elderberry

Sambucus canadensis · Shrub

Late-summer berry clusters taken by over 40 bird species.

Arrowwood viburnum

Viburnum dentatum · Shrub

Blue-black fall fruit and dense nesting cover.

Spicebush

Lindera benzoin · Shrub

Lipid-rich red fruit fuels fall migrants.

Feeding prothonotary warblers through the Illinois year

Top foods: None — a swamp nest box is the draw.
In Illinois's summer: offer water and insect foods; natural food is abundant.

Full diet breakdown for prothonotary warblers · Best feeder for prothonotary warblers

Frequently asked

Are prothonotary warblers in Illinois year-round?

No. Prothonotary Warblers are summer breeders in Illinois and leave for the winter.

When do prothonotary warblers nest in Illinois?

Nesting in Illinois typically runs April–June, with 1–2 per season. Clutches are 3–7 eggs, incubated for 12–14 days.

What native plants attract prothonotary warblers in Illinois?

Flowering dogwood, Serviceberry, White oak, Bur oak, Black cherry, American elderberry, Arrowwood viburnum, Spicebush are native plants in Illinois that provide food or cover for prothonotary warblers.

What size birdhouse hole do prothonotary warblers need?

1 1/8 in, with a floor of 4 × 4 in mounted 3–6 ft over water.

Prothonotary Warblers in other regions

Other backyard birds in Illinois

Northern Cardinal Eastern Bluebird Black-capped Chickadee Carolina Chickadee Purple Martin Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker American Goldfinch Tufted Titmouse White-breasted Nuthatch House Wren Blue Jay House Finch Purple Finch Ruby-throated Hummingbird Carolina Wren Mourning Dove American Robin Dark-eyed Junco White-throated Sparrow Song Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Red-bellied Woodpecker Northern Flicker Pileated Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-breasted Nuthatch Brown Creeper Common Grackle Red-winged Blackbird Baltimore Oriole Orchard Oriole Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pine Siskin Indigo Bunting Eastern Towhee Gray Catbird Northern Mockingbird Brown Thrasher Cedar Waxwing Tree Swallow Barn Swallow Eastern Phoebe Chimney Swift Yellow-rumped Warbler Eastern Screech-Owl Wood Thrush Great Crested Flycatcher Eastern Kingbird American Tree Sparrow House Sparrow European Starling White-crowned Sparrow Fox Sparrow Eurasian Collared-Dove American Crow Cooper's Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Barred Owl Great Horned Owl American Kestrel Wood Duck Wild Turkey Northern Bobwhite Mallard Great Blue Heron Belted Kingfisher Scarlet Tanager Eastern Meadowlark Brown-headed Cowbird Golden-crowned Kinglet Winter Wren Pine Grosbeak Red Crossbill Field Sparrow Gray Catbird Lark Sparrow Hooded Merganser Yellow Warbler Common Yellowthroat American Redstart Black-and-white Warbler Yellow-throated Warbler Ovenbird Yellow-breasted Chat Red-eyed Vireo Warbling Vireo White-eyed Vireo Eastern Wood-Pewee Least Flycatcher Cliff Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow Common Nighthawk Eastern Whip-poor-will Canada Goose American Coot Killdeer Spotted Sandpiper American Woodcock Green Heron Great Egret Black-crowned Night Heron Turkey Vulture Black Vulture Osprey Bald Eagle Red-shouldered Hawk Merlin Peregrine Falcon Northern Saw-whet Owl Barn Owl Savannah Sparrow Swamp Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Snow Bunting Lapland Longspur Horned Lark Dickcissel Blue Grosbeak Hoary Redpoll White-winged Crossbill Bohemian Waxwing Yellow-billed Cuckoo Bobolink Yellow-headed Blackbird Brewer's Blackbird Rock Pigeon Monk Parakeet Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Sources

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.