Alabama · Summer breeder

Prothonotary Warblers in Alabama

When prothonotary warblers are present in Alabama, when they nest, which native Alabama plants feed them, and how to host them in a USDA 7a–9a yard.

Wood-warblers (Parulidae)Prothonotary WarblerProtonotaria citrea

Status in Alabama: Summer breeder
Nesting window: March–June
Broods: 1–2 per season
Hardiness zones: USDA 7a–9a
Nest box: 1 1/8 in hole, 4 × 4 in floor, 3–6 ft over water

When to expect prothonotary warblers in Alabama

Prothonotary Warblers are summer residents in Alabama, arriving shortly before nesting begins in March and leaving after the young are independent.

Humid subtropical, with Gulf-influenced warmth in Mobile and Baldwin counties and cooler Appalachian foothills in the northeast.

Nesting in Alabama

Across Alabama, prothonotary warblers typically nest from March–June. Plan around that window: February for setup, June for clean-out.

Long, humid summers with frequent thunderstorms — ventilated boxes and daily-refreshed water matter.

Have boxes cleaned and mounted before February — prothonotary warblers begin prospecting ahead of egg-laying.
Use a 1 1/8 in entrance on a 4 × 4 in floor, mounted 3–6 ft over water.
Fit a pole baffle or hole guard; ventilation gaps and drainage holes are essential.
Clean out old nests after each brood and again after June.

Native Alabama plants that attract prothonotary warblers

Of the regional native plants we track for Alabama, these 8 provide food or cover prothonotary warblers use:

Flowering dogwood

Cornus florida · Tree

Fat-rich red fall fruit taken by thrushes, bluebirds and woodpeckers.

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea · Tree

Early-summer berries arrive exactly when nestlings are being fed.

White oak

Quercus alba · Tree

Acorns plus hundreds of caterpillar species for nestling food.

Black cherry

Prunus serotina · Tree

Summer fruit and one of the top caterpillar host trees.

American elderberry

Sambucus canadensis · Shrub

Late-summer berry clusters taken by over 40 bird species.

Arrowwood viburnum

Viburnum dentatum · Shrub

Blue-black fall fruit and dense nesting cover.

Spicebush

Lindera benzoin · Shrub

Lipid-rich red fruit fuels fall migrants.

Tall goldenrod

Solidago altissima · Perennial

Insect-rich in fall and seed in winter.

Feeding prothonotary warblers through the Alabama year

Top foods: None — a swamp nest box is the draw.
In Alabama's summer: offer water and insect foods; natural food is abundant.

Full diet breakdown for prothonotary warblers · Best feeder for prothonotary warblers

Frequently asked

Are prothonotary warblers in Alabama year-round?

No. Prothonotary Warblers are summer breeders in Alabama and leave for the winter.

When do prothonotary warblers nest in Alabama?

Nesting in Alabama typically runs March–June, with 1–2 per season. Clutches are 3–7 eggs, incubated for 12–14 days.

What native plants attract prothonotary warblers in Alabama?

Flowering dogwood, Serviceberry, White oak, Black cherry, American elderberry, Arrowwood viburnum, Spicebush, Tall goldenrod are native plants in Alabama that provide food or cover for prothonotary warblers.

What size birdhouse hole do prothonotary warblers need?

1 1/8 in, with a floor of 4 × 4 in mounted 3–6 ft over water.

Prothonotary Warblers in other regions

Other backyard birds in Alabama

Northern Cardinal Eastern Bluebird Carolina Chickadee Purple Martin Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker American Goldfinch Tufted Titmouse White-breasted Nuthatch House Wren Blue Jay House Finch Purple Finch Ruby-throated Hummingbird Carolina Wren Mourning Dove American Robin Dark-eyed Junco White-throated Sparrow Song Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Red-bellied Woodpecker Northern Flicker Pileated Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-breasted Nuthatch Brown-headed Nuthatch Brown Creeper Common Grackle Red-winged Blackbird Orchard Oriole Pine Siskin Indigo Bunting Eastern Towhee Gray Catbird Northern Mockingbird Brown Thrasher Cedar Waxwing Tree Swallow Barn Swallow Eastern Phoebe Chimney Swift Yellow-rumped Warbler Pine Warbler Eastern Screech-Owl Wood Thrush Great Crested Flycatcher Eastern Kingbird House Sparrow European Starling Rufous Hummingbird White-crowned Sparrow Fox Sparrow Eurasian Collared-Dove American Crow Cooper's Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Barred Owl Great Horned Owl American Kestrel Wood Duck Wild Turkey Northern Bobwhite Mallard Great Blue Heron Belted Kingfisher Scarlet Tanager Eastern Meadowlark Brown-headed Cowbird Ruby-crowned Kinglet Golden-crowned Kinglet Hermit Thrush Winter Wren Red Crossbill Field Sparrow Gray Catbird Lark Sparrow Hooded Merganser Yellow Warbler Common Yellowthroat American Redstart Black-and-white Warbler Yellow-throated Warbler Ovenbird Yellow-breasted Chat Orange-crowned Warbler Palm Warbler Red-eyed Vireo Warbling Vireo White-eyed Vireo Eastern Wood-Pewee Cliff Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow Common Nighthawk Eastern Whip-poor-will Canada Goose American Coot Killdeer Spotted Sandpiper American Woodcock Green Heron Great Egret Black-crowned Night Heron Turkey Vulture Black Vulture Osprey Bald Eagle Red-shouldered Hawk Merlin Peregrine Falcon Northern Saw-whet Owl Barn Owl Red-cockaded Woodpecker Savannah Sparrow Swamp Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Horned Lark Blue Grosbeak White-winged Crossbill Brown-headed Nuthatch Yellow-billed Cuckoo Brewer's Blackbird Rusty Blackbird Boat-tailed Grackle Rock Pigeon

Sources

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.