Ontario · Summer breeder

Prothonotary Warblers in Ontario

When prothonotary warblers are present in Ontario, when they nest, which native Ontario plants feed them, and how to host them in a Canadian zones 0a–7a yard.

Wood-warblers (Parulidae)Prothonotary WarblerProtonotaria citrea

Status in Ontario: Summer breeder
Nesting window: May–June
Broods: 1–2 per season
Hardiness zones: Canadian zones 0a–7a (southern Ontario roughly equivalent to USDA 4–6)
Nest box: 1 1/8 in hole, 4 × 4 in floor, 3–6 ft over water
Range note: Extreme southwest; endangered in Canada.

When to expect prothonotary warblers in Ontario

Prothonotary Warblers are summer residents in Ontario, arriving shortly before nesting begins in May and leaving after the young are independent. Extreme southwest; endangered in Canada.

Humid continental in the south, boreal and subarctic in the north; most backyard birding happens in the southern Great Lakes lowlands.

Nesting in Ontario

Across Ontario, prothonotary warblers typically nest from May–June. Plan around that window: April for setup, June for clean-out.

Short, warm summers; Point Pelee and Long Point are continent-famous migration sites.

Have boxes cleaned and mounted before April — prothonotary warblers begin prospecting ahead of egg-laying.
Use a 1 1/8 in entrance on a 4 × 4 in floor, mounted 3–6 ft over water.
Fit a pole baffle or hole guard; ventilation gaps and drainage holes are essential.
Clean out old nests after each brood and again after June.

Native Ontario plants that attract prothonotary warblers

Of the regional native plants we track for Ontario, these 8 provide food or cover prothonotary warblers use:

Sugar maple

Acer saccharum · Tree

Insects, seeds and cavities.

Flowering dogwood

Cornus florida · Tree

Fat-rich red fall fruit taken by thrushes, bluebirds and woodpeckers.

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea · Tree

Early-summer berries arrive exactly when nestlings are being fed.

White oak

Quercus alba · Tree

Acorns plus hundreds of caterpillar species for nestling food.

Bur oak

Quercus macrocarpa · Tree

Drought-hardy prairie oak with large acorns and a heavy insect load.

Black cherry

Prunus serotina · Tree

Summer fruit and one of the top caterpillar host trees.

American elderberry

Sambucus canadensis · Shrub

Late-summer berry clusters taken by over 40 bird species.

Arrowwood viburnum

Viburnum dentatum · Shrub

Blue-black fall fruit and dense nesting cover.

Feeding prothonotary warblers through the Ontario year

Top foods: None — a swamp nest box is the draw.
In Ontario's summer: offer water and insect foods; natural food is abundant.

Full diet breakdown for prothonotary warblers · Best feeder for prothonotary warblers

Frequently asked

Are prothonotary warblers in Ontario year-round?

No. Prothonotary Warblers are summer breeders in Ontario and leave for the winter. Extreme southwest; endangered in Canada.

When do prothonotary warblers nest in Ontario?

Nesting in Ontario typically runs May–June, with 1–2 per season. Clutches are 3–7 eggs, incubated for 12–14 days.

What native plants attract prothonotary warblers in Ontario?

Sugar maple, Flowering dogwood, Serviceberry, White oak, Bur oak, Black cherry, American elderberry, Arrowwood viburnum are native plants in Ontario that provide food or cover for prothonotary warblers.

What size birdhouse hole do prothonotary warblers need?

1 1/8 in, with a floor of 4 × 4 in mounted 3–6 ft over water.

Prothonotary Warblers in other regions

Other backyard birds in Ontario

Northern Cardinal Eastern Bluebird Black-capped Chickadee Purple Martin Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker American Goldfinch Tufted Titmouse White-breasted Nuthatch House Wren Blue Jay House Finch Purple Finch Ruby-throated Hummingbird Carolina Wren Mourning Dove American Robin Dark-eyed Junco White-throated Sparrow Song Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Red-bellied Woodpecker Northern Flicker Pileated Woodpecker Red-headed Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Red-breasted Nuthatch Brown Creeper Common Grackle Red-winged Blackbird Baltimore Oriole Orchard Oriole Rose-breasted Grosbeak Evening Grosbeak Pine Siskin Common Redpoll Indigo Bunting Eastern Towhee Gray Catbird Brown Thrasher Cedar Waxwing Tree Swallow Barn Swallow Eastern Phoebe Chimney Swift Yellow-rumped Warbler Pine Warbler Eastern Screech-Owl Wood Thrush Great Crested Flycatcher Eastern Kingbird American Tree Sparrow House Sparrow European Starling Canada Jay American Crow Common Raven Cooper's Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Barred Owl Great Horned Owl American Kestrel Wood Duck Wild Turkey Mallard Great Blue Heron Belted Kingfisher Scarlet Tanager Eastern Meadowlark Brown-headed Cowbird Ruby-crowned Kinglet Golden-crowned Kinglet Hermit Thrush Winter Wren Pine Grosbeak Red Crossbill Gray Catbird Lark Sparrow Hooded Merganser Yellow Warbler Common Yellowthroat American Redstart Black-and-white Warbler Ovenbird Yellow-breasted Chat Orange-crowned Warbler Palm Warbler Red-eyed Vireo Warbling Vireo Eastern Wood-Pewee Least Flycatcher Cliff Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bank Swallow Common Nighthawk Eastern Whip-poor-will Canada Goose American Coot Killdeer Spotted Sandpiper American Woodcock Green Heron Great Egret Black-crowned Night Heron Turkey Vulture Osprey Bald Eagle Red-shouldered Hawk Merlin Peregrine Falcon Northern Saw-whet Owl Black-backed Woodpecker American Three-toed Woodpecker Savannah Sparrow Swamp Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Snow Bunting Lapland Longspur Horned Lark Dickcissel Common Redpoll Hoary Redpoll White-winged Crossbill Bohemian Waxwing Yellow-billed Cuckoo Bobolink Yellow-headed Blackbird Brewer's Blackbird Rusty Blackbird Rock Pigeon

Sources

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.