Michigan · Summer breeder

Eastern Towhees in Michigan

When eastern towhees are present in Michigan, when they nest, which native Michigan plants feed them, and how to host them in a USDA 4a–6b yard.

New World sparrows (Passerellidae)Eastern TowheePipilo erythrophthalmus
Status in Michigan
Summer breeder
Nesting window
May–July
Broods
2–3 per season
Hardiness zones
USDA 4a–6b

When to expect eastern towhees in Michigan

Eastern Towhees are summer residents in Michigan, arriving shortly before nesting begins in May and leaving after the young are independent. Through the season they feed on beetles, caterpillars and spiders.

Humid continental, strongly shaped by the Great Lakes; colder and snowier in the Upper Peninsula.

Nesting in Michigan

Across Michigan, eastern towhees typically nest from May–July. Nest site: cup on or near the ground under shrubs. Females lay 2–6 eggs, incubate for 12–13 days, and young leave the nest after 10–12 days.

A compressed nesting season; bluebirds usually manage one or two broods.

  • Eastern Towhees don't use nest boxes. Keep dense native shrubs and trees such as winterberry, flowering dogwood, eastern red cedar for nest sites.
  • Delay heavy pruning of shrubs until after July.

Native Michigan plants that attract eastern towhees

Of the regional native plants we track for Michigan, these 8 provide food or cover eastern towhees use:

Winterberry
Ilex verticillata · Shrub

Winter fruit.

Wild bergamot
Monarda fistulosa · Perennial

Nectar and seed.

Flowering dogwood
Cornus florida · Tree

Fat-rich red fall fruit taken by thrushes, bluebirds and woodpeckers.

Eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana · Tree

Dense evergreen roost cover and bluish 'berries' eaten through winter.

Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea · Tree

Early-summer berries arrive exactly when nestlings are being fed.

Staghorn sumac
Rhus typhina · Shrub

Fruit clusters persist all winter as emergency food.

Smooth sumac
Rhus glabra · Shrub

Red fruit heads hang on through winter.

Black cherry
Prunus serotina · Tree

Summer fruit and one of the top caterpillar host trees.

Feeding eastern towhees through the Michigan year

Towhees 'double-scratch' in leaf litter. Leave leaves under shrubs rather than raking them.

  • Best foods: Millet, Cracked corn, Hulled sunflower.
  • In Michigan's summer: offer water and insect foods; natural food is abundant.

Full diet breakdown for eastern towhees · Best feeder for eastern towhees

Frequently asked

Are eastern towhees in Michigan year-round?

No. Eastern Towhees are summer breeders in Michigan and leave for the winter.

When do eastern towhees nest in Michigan?

Nesting in Michigan typically runs May–July, with 2–3 per season. Clutches are 2–6 eggs, incubated for 12–13 days.

What native plants attract eastern towhees in Michigan?

Winterberry, Wild bergamot, Flowering dogwood, Eastern red cedar, Serviceberry, Staghorn sumac, Smooth sumac, Black cherry are native plants in Michigan that provide food or cover for eastern towhees.

Eastern Towhees in other regions

Other backyard birds in Michigan

Sources

  1. Eastern Towhee — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  2. Eastern Towhee life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Eastern Towhee — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
  4. eBird region overview and bar charts — Michigan
  5. USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023)
  6. Audubon Native Plants Database

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.