Ontario · Summer breeder

Eastern Towhees in Ontario

When eastern towhees are present in Ontario, when they nest, which native Ontario plants feed them, and how to host them in a Canadian zones 0a–7a yard.

New World sparrows (Passerellidae)Eastern TowheePipilo erythrophthalmus
Status in Ontario
Summer breeder
Nesting window
June–July
Broods
2–3 per season
Hardiness zones
Canadian zones 0a–7a (southern Ontario roughly equivalent to USDA 4–6)

When to expect eastern towhees in Ontario

Eastern Towhees are summer residents in Ontario, arriving shortly before nesting begins in June and leaving after the young are independent. Through the season they feed on beetles, caterpillars and spiders.

Humid continental in the south, boreal and subarctic in the north; most backyard birding happens in the southern Great Lakes lowlands.

Nesting in Ontario

Across Ontario, eastern towhees typically nest from June–July. Nest site: cup on or near the ground under shrubs. Females lay 2–6 eggs, incubate for 12–13 days, and young leave the nest after 10–12 days.

Short, warm summers; Point Pelee and Long Point are continent-famous migration sites.

  • Eastern Towhees don't use nest boxes. Keep dense native shrubs and trees such as red-osier dogwood, sugar maple, flowering dogwood for nest sites.
  • Delay heavy pruning of shrubs until after July.

Native Ontario plants that attract eastern towhees

Of the regional native plants we track for Ontario, these 8 provide food or cover eastern towhees use:

Red-osier dogwood
Cornus sericea · Shrub

Fruit and cover.

Sugar maple
Acer saccharum · Tree

Insects, seeds and cavities.

Flowering dogwood
Cornus florida · Tree

Fat-rich red fall fruit taken by thrushes, bluebirds and woodpeckers.

Eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana · Tree

Dense evergreen roost cover and bluish 'berries' eaten through winter.

Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea · Tree

Early-summer berries arrive exactly when nestlings are being fed.

Winterberry
Ilex verticillata · Shrub

Deciduous holly holding red fruit into mid-winter.

Staghorn sumac
Rhus typhina · Shrub

Fruit clusters persist all winter as emergency food.

Smooth sumac
Rhus glabra · Shrub

Red fruit heads hang on through winter.

Feeding eastern towhees through the Ontario year

Towhees 'double-scratch' in leaf litter. Leave leaves under shrubs rather than raking them.

  • Best foods: Millet, Cracked corn, Hulled sunflower.
  • In Ontario's summer: offer water and insect foods; natural food is abundant.

Full diet breakdown for eastern towhees · Best feeder for eastern towhees

Frequently asked

Are eastern towhees in Ontario year-round?

No. Eastern Towhees are summer breeders in Ontario and leave for the winter.

When do eastern towhees nest in Ontario?

Nesting in Ontario typically runs June–July, with 2–3 per season. Clutches are 2–6 eggs, incubated for 12–13 days.

What native plants attract eastern towhees in Ontario?

Red-osier dogwood, Sugar maple, Flowering dogwood, Eastern red cedar, Serviceberry, Winterberry, Staghorn sumac, Smooth sumac are native plants in Ontario that provide food or cover for eastern towhees.

Eastern Towhees in other regions

Other backyard birds in Ontario

Sources

  1. Eastern Towhee — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  2. Eastern Towhee life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Eastern Towhee — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
  4. eBird region overview and bar charts — Ontario
  5. Plant Hardiness Zones of Canada — Natural Resources Canada
  6. Audubon Native Plants Database
  7. Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas — Birds Canada

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.