Missouri · Year-round resident

Eastern Towhees in Missouri

When eastern towhees are present in Missouri, when they nest, which native Missouri plants feed them, and how to host them in a USDA 5b–7b yard.

New World sparrows (Passerellidae)Eastern TowheePipilo erythrophthalmus
Status in Missouri
Year-round resident
Nesting window
May–July
Broods
2–3 per season
Hardiness zones
USDA 5b–7b

When to expect eastern towhees in Missouri

Eastern Towhees live in Missouri all year. Cold winters with variable snow; ice storms can shut down natural food for days. That makes the cold months the time your yard matters most to them: their winter diet shifts toward ragweed seed, acorns and berries.

Humid continental, from the Ozark Plateau in the south to prairie and river floodplains in the north.

Nesting in Missouri

Across Missouri, eastern towhees typically nest from May–July. Nest site: cup on or near the ground under shrubs. Females lay 2–6 eggs, incubate for 12–13 days, and young leave the nest after 10–12 days.

Hot, humid summers.

  • Eastern Towhees don't use nest boxes. Keep dense native shrubs and trees such as flowering dogwood, eastern red cedar, serviceberry for nest sites.
  • Delay heavy pruning of shrubs until after July.

Native Missouri plants that attract eastern towhees

Of the regional native plants we track for Missouri, these 8 provide food or cover eastern towhees use:

Flowering dogwood
Cornus florida · Tree

Fat-rich red fall fruit taken by thrushes, bluebirds and woodpeckers.

Eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana · Tree

Dense evergreen roost cover and bluish 'berries' eaten through winter.

Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea · Tree

Early-summer berries arrive exactly when nestlings are being fed.

Winterberry
Ilex verticillata · Shrub

Deciduous holly holding red fruit into mid-winter.

Staghorn sumac
Rhus typhina · Shrub

Fruit clusters persist all winter as emergency food.

Smooth sumac
Rhus glabra · Shrub

Red fruit heads hang on through winter.

Black cherry
Prunus serotina · Tree

Summer fruit and one of the top caterpillar host trees.

American elderberry
Sambucus canadensis · Shrub

Late-summer berry clusters taken by over 40 bird species.

Feeding eastern towhees through the Missouri year

Towhees 'double-scratch' in leaf litter. Leave leaves under shrubs rather than raking them.

  • Best foods: Millet, Cracked corn, Hulled sunflower.
  • In Missouri's winter: Cold winters with variable snow; ice storms can shut down natural food for days.

Full diet breakdown for eastern towhees · Best feeder for eastern towhees

Frequently asked

Are eastern towhees in Missouri year-round?

Yes. Eastern Towhees are year-round residents in Missouri.

When do eastern towhees nest in Missouri?

Nesting in Missouri typically runs May–July, with 2–3 per season. Clutches are 2–6 eggs, incubated for 12–13 days.

What native plants attract eastern towhees in Missouri?

Flowering dogwood, Eastern red cedar, Serviceberry, Winterberry, Staghorn sumac, Smooth sumac, Black cherry, American elderberry are native plants in Missouri that provide food or cover for eastern towhees.

Eastern Towhees in other regions

Other backyard birds in Missouri

Sources

  1. Eastern Towhee — All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  2. Eastern Towhee life history — Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Eastern Towhee — Audubon Guide to North American Birds
  4. eBird region overview and bar charts — Missouri
  5. USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (2023)
  6. Audubon Native Plants Database

Timing reflects typical patterns for the region as a whole; local dates vary with elevation and year. Check the linked eBird bar charts for your county.