Wood-warblers (Parulidae)
Baby prothonotary warblers: from egg to fledgling
A Prothonotary Warbler lays 3–7 eggs. They hatch after 12–14 days, and the young leave the nest 10 days later — about 22–24 days from egg to fledgling.
- Eggs per clutch
- 3–7 eggs
- Incubation
- 12–14 days
- Time in the nest
- 10 days
- Egg to fledgling
- About 22–24 days
- Broods per year
- 1–2 per season
- Nest
- Tree cavity or nest box standing in or over water
- Uses nest boxes
- Yes — 1 1/8 in hole
Stage by stage
- Eggs (12–14 days): 3–7 eggs per clutch. Most songbirds start incubating when the last or second-to-last egg is laid, so the young hatch close together; owls and hawks start with the first egg, so their chicks hatch days apart.
- Nestlings (10 days): the young hatch with little or no down and their eyes closed. They grow fast on a diet the parents bring in. In the breeding season prothonotary warblers mainly eat caterpillars, beetles, mayflies and snails.
- Fledglings: after leaving the nest, young prothonotary warblers are fully feathered but short-tailed and clumsy. They spend days to weeks on low branches or the ground while the parents keep feeding them.
- More broods: 1–2 per season. Pairs often start a new nest soon after the first young become independent.
When prothonotary warblers nest, state by state
Nesting starts earliest in Alabama (Mar) and latest in Minnesota (May). Months are estimates from regional breeding data shifted for latitude.
| State / province | Nesting season |
|---|---|
| Alabama | Mar–Jun |
| Arkansas | Apr–Jun |
| Delaware | Apr–Jun |
| Florida | Mar–Jun |
| Georgia | Mar–Jun |
| Illinois | Apr–Jun |
| Indiana | Apr–Jun |
| Iowa | Apr–Jun |
| Kansas | Apr–Jun |
| Kentucky | Apr–Jun |
| Louisiana | Mar–Jun |
| Maryland | Apr–Jun |
| Minnesota | May–Jun |
| Mississippi | Mar–Jun |
| Missouri | Apr–Jun |
| New Jersey | Apr–Jun |
| North Carolina | Apr–Jun |
| Ohio | Apr–Jun |
| Oklahoma | Apr–Jun |
| Ontario | May–Jun |
| South Carolina | Mar–Jun |
| Tennessee | Apr–Jun |
| Texas | Mar–Jun |
| Virginia | Apr–Jun |
| West Virginia | Apr–Jun |
| Wisconsin | May–Jun |
Found a baby Prothonotary Warbler?
- Feathered, hopping, can grip your finger: a fledgling. This is a normal stage. Keep pets and children away and watch from a distance; the parents are usually close by.
- Bare skin or only pin feathers: a nestling that fell. If you can see the nest, put it back. Touching it won't make the parents abandon it — that is a myth.
- Injured, cold, covered in flies, or caught by a cat: contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator. In the US and Canada, ahnow.org finds the nearest one.
- Don't give water or food. Baby birds can choke, and the wrong food can kill them.
More about prothonotary warblers
Frequently asked
How long do baby prothonotary warblers stay in the nest?
About 10 days after hatching. Eggs take 12–14 days to hatch, so it is roughly 22–24 days from the last egg to the young leaving.
How many eggs does a Prothonotary Warbler lay?
3–7 eggs per clutch, with 1–2 per season.
Where do prothonotary warblers nest?
Tree cavity or nest box standing in or over water.
What should I do if I find a baby Prothonotary Warbler on the ground?
If it has feathers and hops, it is a fledgling and its parents are almost certainly nearby — leave it. If it is naked or has pin feathers, put it back in the nest if you can. Call a licensed wildlife rehabilitator if it is injured.